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The Partially Examined Life

Ep. 384: Graham Harman's Object-Oriented Ontology (Part Three)

44 min episode · 2 min read

Episode

44 min

Read time

2 min

Topics

Crypto & Web3, Psychology & Behavior, Philosophy & Wisdom

AI-Generated Summary

Key Takeaways

  • Metaphor's Asymmetrical Structure: Harman argues metaphors like the cypress is a ghost of a dead flame cannot be inverted or reduced to literal similarities. The metaphor creates a new object by fusing dissimilar elements, destroying their practical meanings to generate aesthetic experience. This differs from scientific models that rely on structural isomorphisms between compared objects.
  • Theatrical Substitution Theory: In aesthetic experience, the observer becomes the real object within the metaphor since all other objects remain inaccessible as things-in-themselves. The subject places themselves on the casino table rather than observing from outside. This theatrical engagement provides the only real object present in any experience, supporting newly created metaphorical qualities.
  • Indirect Access vs Direct Knowledge: Harman rejects both mysticism and rationalism as failed attempts at direct reality access. Aesthetics and metaphor offer cognition without knowledge, providing indirect access to real objects through non-literal means. This approach resembles negative theology but claims greater power through suggestion rather than explicit statement, like threats left deliberately vague.
  • Critique of Literalism: Definite descriptions and exhaustive literal language cannot capture real objects, which perpetually recede from direct observation. Even complete sensory descriptions miss the object's inwardness or I-ness. Science reduces objects to models, confusing representations with actual things. Metaphor acknowledges this gap while creating meaningful engagement through aesthetic distance.
  • Universal Inwardness Principle: Every object possesses an I-ness comparable to human subjectivity, though without consciousness. Being red for a red object equals what hurting is for humans. This inwardness cannot be accessed through introspection or external observation. Objects exist independently with their own withdrawn reality, requiring theatrical aesthetic engagement for any meaningful contact.

What It Covers

The Partially Examined Life examines Graham Harman's Object-Oriented Ontology chapter two on aesthetics as philosophy's foundation. The discussion analyzes how metaphor provides indirect access to real objects through theatrical engagement, contrasting Harman's interpretation of Ortega y Gasset's essay with traditional metaphor theories and exploring how subjects stand in for inaccessible objects.

Key Questions Answered

  • Metaphor's Asymmetrical Structure: Harman argues metaphors like the cypress is a ghost of a dead flame cannot be inverted or reduced to literal similarities. The metaphor creates a new object by fusing dissimilar elements, destroying their practical meanings to generate aesthetic experience. This differs from scientific models that rely on structural isomorphisms between compared objects.
  • Theatrical Substitution Theory: In aesthetic experience, the observer becomes the real object within the metaphor since all other objects remain inaccessible as things-in-themselves. The subject places themselves on the casino table rather than observing from outside. This theatrical engagement provides the only real object present in any experience, supporting newly created metaphorical qualities.
  • Indirect Access vs Direct Knowledge: Harman rejects both mysticism and rationalism as failed attempts at direct reality access. Aesthetics and metaphor offer cognition without knowledge, providing indirect access to real objects through non-literal means. This approach resembles negative theology but claims greater power through suggestion rather than explicit statement, like threats left deliberately vague.
  • Critique of Literalism: Definite descriptions and exhaustive literal language cannot capture real objects, which perpetually recede from direct observation. Even complete sensory descriptions miss the object's inwardness or I-ness. Science reduces objects to models, confusing representations with actual things. Metaphor acknowledges this gap while creating meaningful engagement through aesthetic distance.
  • Universal Inwardness Principle: Every object possesses an I-ness comparable to human subjectivity, though without consciousness. Being red for a red object equals what hurting is for humans. This inwardness cannot be accessed through introspection or external observation. Objects exist independently with their own withdrawn reality, requiring theatrical aesthetic engagement for any meaningful contact.

Notable Moment

The hosts discover Harman significantly deviates from his stated inspiration, Ortega y Gasset, who explicitly rejected the idea that observers inject themselves into aesthetic objects. Ortega insisted the statue's I remains distinct from the viewer's I, directly contradicting Harman's theatrical substitution theory where subjects become the real object within metaphorical experience.

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Episode Transcript

Hey, this is the Partially Examined Life episode 384 part three. We're continuing on Gran Harmon's book, Object Oriented Ontology, A New Theory of Everything. Turning now to chapter two, which we said a little bit about in the previous parts. Aesthetics is the Root of All Philosophy is the title of it. So it comes off of the end of chapter one where he was criticizing literalism. And so here we're gonna see why the artwork is something that we can knowledge is not the right word because it's a type of cognition that does not involve knowledge, but is a way that we can actually get at what Harman considers to be the real in an indirect way. Yeah. He starts off by talking about this theory of everything that we seek and saying it should account for non physical entities just as much as physical. And then he gets into, you know, why literalism might be the sticking point for many readers who will not like the idea of unverifiable mystical claims, a kind of in comparison to negative theology where we can't say what God is directly, we can only say what he is not. Harman claims that mysticism in a way is more comparable to rationalism because both are supposed to have complete access to reality, but there's a possibility that's indirect. And he says, In a way, this is more powerful. He compares it to lingerie, right, or love notes that aren't too explicit or threats that are better left vague like, I'm going to make you an offer you can't refuse. Likewise, humor is ruined by literalization. So, that gets us into a non literal cognition of things, indirect access to reality as involving metaphor, which seems to be at the heart of an aesthetic relation to reality. So a lot of this, he attributes the the really, the inspiration to his entire system to this early Juan Ortega y Gasset essay, an essay in aesthetics by way of a preface, which I did look at, but Ortega, as, he's referred to in this book, he disdains do actually doing metaphysics here. So he's really talking about the phenomenology of art, how when we, for instance, have a metaphor or really any other aesthetic experience, we are creating a new object. The objects that we normally perceive, we are destroying them in a certain way temporarily through our interpretations. And we're so if I see something as, you know, a statue, I could just see it as a a lump of marble. But if I take it aesthetically, then it's like I'm pulling off the aesthetic. Yeah. I'm making the lump of marble into the beautiful lump of marble. And so I'm doing I'm creating a new thing. You know, it's easiest to see in, the case that that we get given in quite length by Harmon in the idea of a metaphor. So if you have two things that you're comparing, then …

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