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Investing for Beginners

The New Cola Wars

46 min episode · 2 min read

Episode

46 min

Read time

2 min

Topics

Productivity, Leadership, Design & UX

AI-Generated Summary

Key Takeaways

  • Revenue vs. Profit Margin: PepsiCo generates roughly $94B in revenue versus Coca-Cola's $47.9B, yet Coke's gross margin sits near 60% compared to Pepsi's 55%, and Coke's operating margin is nearly double Pepsi's. When evaluating stocks, revenue is a vanity metric — per-share profits drive stock price, not top-line size.
  • Business Model Concentration: Coke outsources bottling entirely, keeping overhead minimal and margins high. Pepsi owns Frito-Lay manufacturing, distribution, and facilities, creating lower capital efficiency. When comparing rivals, identify which company's model generates more profit per dollar of revenue, not which generates more total dollars of revenue.
  • Franchise vs. Company-Owned Unit Economics: Dunkin' operates 99.9% franchised across 22,000 units, collecting roughly 3–4% royalties on sales. Starbucks captures 100% of revenue from company-owned stores. To compare these models fairly, use comparable same-store sales growth as the primary KPI rather than total revenue figures.
  • Operating Deleverage as a Warning Signal: Starbucks net profit margin dropped from 15% to 7.9% in fiscal 2024, and management cited operating deleverage across multiple consecutive earnings calls dating back to 2020–2021. When a company repeats the same margin excuse across several quarters or years, treat it as a structural profitability problem, not a temporary headwind.
  • Subscription-Based Retail Moat: Approximately 65% of Costco's net profit derives from membership fees, not merchandise sales. This model allows Costco to pass product savings directly to members, building loyalty and scale simultaneously. Despite having fewer warehouses than Sam's Club's 800 units, Costco generates nearly three times the revenue, demonstrating the compounding power of membership-aligned business design.

What It Covers

Three classic brand rivalries — Coca-Cola vs. Pepsi, Starbucks vs. Dunkin', and Costco vs. Sam's Club — are examined through financial metrics including revenue, gross margin, operating margin, and business model structure to identify which companies deliver superior shareholder value and why profitability outweighs raw revenue size.

Key Questions Answered

  • Revenue vs. Profit Margin: PepsiCo generates roughly $94B in revenue versus Coca-Cola's $47.9B, yet Coke's gross margin sits near 60% compared to Pepsi's 55%, and Coke's operating margin is nearly double Pepsi's. When evaluating stocks, revenue is a vanity metric — per-share profits drive stock price, not top-line size.
  • Business Model Concentration: Coke outsources bottling entirely, keeping overhead minimal and margins high. Pepsi owns Frito-Lay manufacturing, distribution, and facilities, creating lower capital efficiency. When comparing rivals, identify which company's model generates more profit per dollar of revenue, not which generates more total dollars of revenue.
  • Franchise vs. Company-Owned Unit Economics: Dunkin' operates 99.9% franchised across 22,000 units, collecting roughly 3–4% royalties on sales. Starbucks captures 100% of revenue from company-owned stores. To compare these models fairly, use comparable same-store sales growth as the primary KPI rather than total revenue figures.
  • Operating Deleverage as a Warning Signal: Starbucks net profit margin dropped from 15% to 7.9% in fiscal 2024, and management cited operating deleverage across multiple consecutive earnings calls dating back to 2020–2021. When a company repeats the same margin excuse across several quarters or years, treat it as a structural profitability problem, not a temporary headwind.
  • Subscription-Based Retail Moat: Approximately 65% of Costco's net profit derives from membership fees, not merchandise sales. This model allows Costco to pass product savings directly to members, building loyalty and scale simultaneously. Despite having fewer warehouses than Sam's Club's 800 units, Costco generates nearly three times the revenue, demonstrating the compounding power of membership-aligned business design.

Notable Moment

Costco and Sam's Club operate nearly identical warehouse counts — roughly 800 to 900 units worldwide — yet Costco produces close to three times Sam's Club's per-warehouse revenue. The structural difference traces entirely to Costco's membership model, which Sam's Club, backed by Walmart, never needed to optimize independently.

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Episode Transcript

So if you were born, like, nineteen seventy ish, nineteen seventy five ish, I'm sure you remember, the cola war when Coke and Pepsi just went all out, guns blazing, straight up to war with each other in marketing campaigns, aggressive, ad placements, and branding, and all that stuff. If you watch the Super Bowl, I'm sure you saw a commercial where a polar bear was doing a blind taste test with Coke and Pepsi, and the polar bear, which is a Coke mascot, picked the Pepsi. That is how the cola wars started, but that's what we're gonna talk today about. We're going to be diving into companies that have very distinct rivals, and we're gonna see what we can learn from their rivalries, and we're gonna see, who came out on top. When I first started my business, I remember how lonely and intimidating it was. You have to wear so many hats. You're having to figure everything out on your own, and you're basically learning everything from scratch. How I wish I had Shopify as my business partner when I first got started. Shopify is the ecommerce platform behind millions of businesses around the world, and 10% of all ecommerce in The US comes from Shopify. Household names like Alo Yoga, Gymshark, all the way the brands that are just getting started. You can get out the word like you have a marketing team behind you. Easily create email and social media campaigns wherever your customers are scrolling or strolling. Best yet, Shopify is your commerce expert with world class expertise, everything from managing inventory to international shipping to processing returns and beyond. And if you're stuck, Shopify is always around for award winning twenty four seven customer support. Start your business today with the industry's best business partner, Shopify, and start hearing sign up for your one day per month trial today at shopify.com/beginners. Go to shopify.com/beginners. That's shopify.com/beginners. This show is sponsored by Liquid I. V. As we finally transition out of the indoor hibernation and start spending more time outside, staying hydrated is huge. For me, spring means I finally get to get back out on the water and spend long hours fishing. But those long, sun drenched days require better hydration to actually enjoy them to their fullest. Liquid IV helps with that. Liquid IV helps keep you hydrated with a science backed formula designed with an optimized ratio of electrolytes, essential vitamins, and clinically tested nutrients. And right now, you can get 20% off your first order with code investing at checkout. Whether I'm traveling for work, spending all day casting a line, or just trying to recharge my social battery on the weekends, I know when I need hydration replenishment. And it feels great knowing LiquidIV can help boost hydration faster than water alone. It's incredibly convenient to use on the go, especially out on the boat. You literally just tear, pour, and enjoy. My go to flavor is lemon lime, …

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  • Dunkin' operates 99.9% franchised across 22,000 units, collecting roughly 3–4% royalties on sales.
  • Despite having fewer warehouses than Sam's Club's 800 units, Costco generates nearly three times the revenue.
  • Pepsi owns Frito-Lay manufacturing, distribution, and facilities, creating lower capital efficiency.
  • Three classic brand rivalries — Coca-Cola vs. Pepsi, Starbucks vs. Dunkin', and Costco vs. Sam's Club — are examined through financial metrics including revenue, gross margin, operating margin, and business model structure.
  • PepsiCo generates roughly $94B in revenue versus Coca-Cola's $47.9B, yet Coke's gross margin sits near 60% compared to Pepsi's 55%.
  • Starbucks net profit margin dropped from 15% to 7.9% in fiscal 2024, and management cited operating deleverage across multiple consecutive earnings calls dating back to 2020–2021.
  • Approximately 65% of Costco's net profit derives from membership fees, not merchandise sales. This model allows Costco to pass product savings directly to members, building loyalty and scale simultaneously.
  • Sam's Club, backed by Walmart, never needed to optimize independently.

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