Arvind Krishna & Nikesh Arora: Quantum Threat, Open vs Frontier AI, AI Cyber Warfare & SaaS Collapse

I know that you guys have been using the t word a lot the last day or two in your conversations, the tokens, but maybe we could kind of pivot a little bit away from AI. I guess it's a little bit rooted in AI, but there's been this big conversation set in the last couple days about cryptography and some of the risks to cryptography. I think it it took root after the OpenAI math drop, but there's more conversations now about this big quantum initiative and how that might kind of take us into an era we need to kinda start to think about adopting quantum cryptography. But, Arvind, maybe we could start and talk a little bit about where things stand today from your view. Sure. So a little bit of what David just touched on is DARPA's been running a competition called QBI or Quantum Benchmarking Initiative. A couple of 100 companies joined it a couple of years ago. I think it's down to maybe 13 are left. So that tells you kind of what's maybe real. I'm calling it maybe not quite real. Some of it is real. And so their goal is who can build a quantum computer that works? Let's sort of put the technology side out of it. And the debates are, is it 2028, 2029, 2033? And sort of if you pick the middle point, let's call it 2030, well, it will break today's cryptography. That's not a supposition. That's just a reality. And if that's gonna happen, then what's the cryptography that you gotta use to protect yourself against that? Unfortunately, for some of you, what's even worse, if you have an encrypted hard disk today that gets stolen, somebody could keep it for five years and break it at that point. The good news is post quantum cryptography is understood. It's well known. The code is written, but people have been too lazy to get to it. But I think the wake up moment is now. Are the solutions that we understand quantum proof or quantum resistant? Because it's sort of based on our basic understanding today of what quantum probably looks like. Yeah. No. It is based on understanding at a theoretical level of what quantum could do. Could do. So they are quantum proof in the same level of rigor that today's cryptography cannot be broken by today's classical computers. That's actually not a theorem proof level answer. It's more based on complexity theory and computer science, which is grounded at the end on some assumptions, not on So if you look at where we are today and that twenty thirty midpoint, can you just walk us through the evolutionary moments that you need to see where Yes. We all have to start paying attention and say, okay. How do we move? Yes. So today, you got toy quantum computers. I'll call I'll call them toys because they can do certain problems, but they are rife with …