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99% Invisible

Artistic License Redux

33 min episode · 2 min read
·
Rick Just,Daniel Ackerman,Christine Byron

Episode

33 min

Read time

2 min

Topics

Relationships, Design & UX, Marketing

AI-Generated Summary

Key Takeaways

  • First Amendment Protection: George Maynard won his 1977 Supreme Court case establishing that drivers cannot be forced to display state mottos like New Hampshire's "Live Free or Die" on license plates. The court ruled this violated protection against compelled speech, allowing citizens to cover offensive slogans with tape without facing the fifteen-day jail sentence Maynard originally received for his religious objections.
  • Government Speech Doctrine: The 2015 Texas Supreme Court case established that specialty license plates constitute government speech, not private expression. This five-four decision allowed Texas to reject Confederate flag plates from Sons of Confederate Veterans while maintaining that citizens retain full rights to display controversial symbols on bumper stickers or other private property attached to their vehicles.
  • Tourism Marketing Evolution: License plates transformed from bureaucratic tracking tools in the early 1900s to mobile advertising billboards by mid-century. States competed for tourist dollars by promoting attractions like Arizona's Grand Canyon, Minnesota's 10,000 lakes, and New Mexico's 310 days of annual sunshine. This shift created ongoing tension between state branding goals and citizen identity preferences across all fifty states.
  • Specialty Plate Revenue Model: States generate income by partnering with nonprofits to offer specialty plates at premium prices, splitting proceeds between the organization and Department of Motor Vehicles. This open-door policy creates constitutional conflicts when controversial groups apply, as demonstrated when at least six states currently offer Confederate flag specialty plates despite ongoing legislative attempts to ban them.
  • Design Constraints Create Conflict: The half-square-foot canvas of license plates forces states to reduce complex identities to single symbols, consistently generating backlash. Idaho residents rejected the 1928 potato design as embarrassing, Florida's grapefruit resembled a bomb, and Massachusetts fishermen blamed poor catches on a codfish swimming away from the state name. Illinois's 2017 plate attempts to solve this by cramming multiple symbols including Lincoln's split face.

What It Covers

Idaho introduced the first advertising license plate in 1928 featuring a giant potato, sparking a nationwide trend of states using plates for tourism marketing. This innovation led to decades of legal battles over compelled speech, government expression, and specialty plates, including Supreme Court cases involving Jehovah's Witness George Maynard and Confederate flag imagery.

Key Questions Answered

  • First Amendment Protection: George Maynard won his 1977 Supreme Court case establishing that drivers cannot be forced to display state mottos like New Hampshire's "Live Free or Die" on license plates. The court ruled this violated protection against compelled speech, allowing citizens to cover offensive slogans with tape without facing the fifteen-day jail sentence Maynard originally received for his religious objections.
  • Government Speech Doctrine: The 2015 Texas Supreme Court case established that specialty license plates constitute government speech, not private expression. This five-four decision allowed Texas to reject Confederate flag plates from Sons of Confederate Veterans while maintaining that citizens retain full rights to display controversial symbols on bumper stickers or other private property attached to their vehicles.
  • Tourism Marketing Evolution: License plates transformed from bureaucratic tracking tools in the early 1900s to mobile advertising billboards by mid-century. States competed for tourist dollars by promoting attractions like Arizona's Grand Canyon, Minnesota's 10,000 lakes, and New Mexico's 310 days of annual sunshine. This shift created ongoing tension between state branding goals and citizen identity preferences across all fifty states.
  • Specialty Plate Revenue Model: States generate income by partnering with nonprofits to offer specialty plates at premium prices, splitting proceeds between the organization and Department of Motor Vehicles. This open-door policy creates constitutional conflicts when controversial groups apply, as demonstrated when at least six states currently offer Confederate flag specialty plates despite ongoing legislative attempts to ban them.
  • Design Constraints Create Conflict: The half-square-foot canvas of license plates forces states to reduce complex identities to single symbols, consistently generating backlash. Idaho residents rejected the 1928 potato design as embarrassing, Florida's grapefruit resembled a bomb, and Massachusetts fishermen blamed poor catches on a codfish swimming away from the state name. Illinois's 2017 plate attempts to solve this by cramming multiple symbols including Lincoln's split face.

Notable Moment

Porcelain license plates from the 1900s reveal how automobiles were luxury status symbols for the wealthy. Massachusetts plate number five, registered to bank president James Stearns for his three-horsepower Pope Electric vehicle, demonstrates the exclusivity before Henry Ford's Model T increased registered cars from 8,000 to over 18 million in just twenty-five years, forcing the switch to cheaper stamped tin.

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Episode Transcript

This is 99% Invisible. I'm Roman Mars. In 1928, a strange phenomenon was sweeping the state of Idaho, a vanishing act of sorts. A Boise resident would wake up on a typical Monday morning, drag themselves out of bed, get dressed for the day, and they would hop in their car to drive to work, not noticing that something was missing. And suddenly, cops in the rear view. Then the next thing that the driver of the car knew, they were getting picked up because they weren't displaying a license plate. Idaho historian Rick Just says license plates, well, they were disappearing. The secretary of state was fielding complaints about all the lost tags. And soon enough, the culprit became clear. Tourists would come to Idaho and steal the plates. Idaho's license plates were being snatched up like plush hotel bathrobes. Yeah. Yeah. People would come up. They would pull up to, either a tourist park or a motel or something, and they would spot those plates and think, you know, I'd like to have a souvenir. And so they would just, take it off of the car and, take it home. And there was a reason why people couldn't resist swiping Idaho plates in particular. That year, the state had revolutionized license plate design. That's reporter Daniel Ackerman. Before this, plates were basic with info like the state name and the registration numbers, all of this on a pretty simple solid colored background. But in 1928, the secretary of state in Idaho had an epiphany. He was like, we have this half square foot of open real estate just rolling around on everyone's cars. Let's do something with it. The 1928 plate is often said to be the very first advertising license plate in the country. Their very first one that tried to advertise a product. And the product that Idaho chose will surprise absolutely no one. The state's nineteen twenty eight license plates all featured a single giant potato. A big kind of elongated goofy looking potato, but big. It was as almost as big as the plate. The registration numbers were stamped in green lettering right on top of this lumpy brown spud. I would say it looks almost, fecal in nature. It does. It really the shape particularly. Yes. Yes. The execution wasn't perfect, but it was innovative. Below the tremendous tater, there was even a modest, pragmatic slogan, Idaho potatoes. Today, every state's got a marketing slogan. Hawaii is the Aloha State. Missouri is the Show Me State. But Idaho was the first to put theirs on a license plate. They wanted to make sure that when people thought about Idaho, they thought potatoes. And for better or worse, the association stuck. And now it's it's gotten to be such a thing. I mean, coming up here in a few days at, New Year's Eve, we drop a potato. What do you mean? That's a we well, you know how the Times Square ball comes …

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