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Throughline

Abortion Before Roe

51 min episode · 2 min read
·
Lesley Wiegand,Michelle Goodwin

Episode

51 min

Read time

2 min

Topics

Career Growth, Software Development, Psychology & Behavior

AI-Generated Summary

Key Takeaways

  • Medical profession takeover: The American Medical Association, founded in 1847, used abortion criminalization to eliminate midwife competition and establish male doctors' control over childbirth, transforming a millennia-old women's practice into a male-dominated medical specialty requiring licensing.
  • Quickening doctrine shift: Before 1860, abortion was legal until quickening (feeling fetal movement at 4-5 months), when women determined pregnancy status themselves. Horatio Storer introduced the concept that life begins at conception, fundamentally changing legal and moral frameworks nationwide.
  • Racial motivation strategy: Storer's campaign explicitly targeted declining Protestant white birth rates, warning of race suicide as immigrant and freed Black populations grew. He argued white women needed to reproduce rather than pursue education or careers to maintain demographic dominance.
  • Underground abortion epidemic: After criminalization, illegal abortions continued at 200,000 to 1.2 million annually, but outcomes diverged sharply by race and class. Hospitals reported 5-20 women daily with botched abortion complications, with Black women disproportionately suffering from dangerous back-alley procedures.

What It Covers

Throughline traces how abortion transformed from a common, legal practice in early America to criminalized nationwide by 1880, driven by male physicians seeking professional legitimacy and racial anxieties about white Protestant birth rates.

Key Questions Answered

  • Medical profession takeover: The American Medical Association, founded in 1847, used abortion criminalization to eliminate midwife competition and establish male doctors' control over childbirth, transforming a millennia-old women's practice into a male-dominated medical specialty requiring licensing.
  • Quickening doctrine shift: Before 1860, abortion was legal until quickening (feeling fetal movement at 4-5 months), when women determined pregnancy status themselves. Horatio Storer introduced the concept that life begins at conception, fundamentally changing legal and moral frameworks nationwide.
  • Racial motivation strategy: Storer's campaign explicitly targeted declining Protestant white birth rates, warning of race suicide as immigrant and freed Black populations grew. He argued white women needed to reproduce rather than pursue education or careers to maintain demographic dominance.
  • Underground abortion epidemic: After criminalization, illegal abortions continued at 200,000 to 1.2 million annually, but outcomes diverged sharply by race and class. Hospitals reported 5-20 women daily with botched abortion complications, with Black women disproportionately suffering from dangerous back-alley procedures.

Notable Moment

Madame Restell operated New York's most successful abortion business for forty years, advertising openly in newspapers and living in luxury on Fifth Avenue, until Anthony Comstock entrapped her in 1878, leading to her suicide the morning of her trial.

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Episode Transcript

This message comes from Progressive Insurance and the name your price tool. It helps you find car insurance options in your budget. Try it today at progressive.com. Progressive Casualty Insurance Company and affiliates. Price and coverage match limited by state law. Not available in all states. A note before we get started, this episode contains graphic descriptions of abortion and suicide. If you or someone you know may be considering suicide or is in crisis, call or text 988 to reach the suicide and crisis lifeline. The police were startled by the announcement that the well known Madame Restell had been found dead earlier this morning in the bathroom of her mansion on 5th Avenue. She rose in the night and went into the bathroom where she suicided. The coroner's physician examined the body and found that a deep gash had been cut across the front of the throat, severing the jugular vein. The water had been left running in the bathtub and hence there was but little blood in the water which still filled the tub. The body was cold and it was evident that the woman had been dead for for some hours. In the early hours of Wednesday, 04/01/1878, the death of a woman named Madame Restell, known to some as the wickedest woman in New York Read all about it. Rocked the country. The Morning Herald, Wilmington, Delaware. Madame Restell found dead. Madame Restell left a fortune estimated at from 1,000,000 to $1,500,000. The New York Times. Having for nearly forty years been before the public as a woman who is growing rich by the practice of a nefarious business, she yesterday came to a violent end by cutting her throat ear to ear. The Cincinnati Daily Star, Cincinnati, Ohio. Another story is that madame Restell was murdered through the instigation of wealthy people who had patronized her in her criminal business. Clarksville Weekly Chronicle, Clarksville, Tennessee. Crimes of this wretched woman were not hers alone. They were the crimes of a splendid, profligate society of which she was simply the paid agent. She has simply done upon herself the vengeance which the law should have inflicted many years ago. Systematic murder was her trade. The murder of the unborn perpetrated to shield the guilty lusts of the living. We are using language which will be blamed as shocking to society, but society needs to be shocked. Madame Restell was one of the key targets of a moral crusade that had swept the country, a crusade that started in the eighteen hundreds and led to a century of criminalizing abortion, a century that came to an end in the early nineteen seventies. Good evening. In a landmark ruling, the Supreme Court today legalized abortions. The majority had said that the decision to end a pregnancy during the first three months belongs to the woman and her doctor, not the government. Thus, the anti abortion laws of 46 states were rendered unconstitutional. Roe versus Wade. People, I …

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