Curing All Disease with AI with Max Jaderberg
Episode
49 min
Read time
2 min
Topics
Fundraising & VC, Design & UX, Artificial Intelligence
AI-Generated Summary
Key Takeaways
- ✓AlphaFold Accuracy: AlphaFold three achieves experimental-level accuracy predicting three-dimensional protein structures from amino acid sequences, completing in minutes what previously required months of crystallization and X-ray scattering analysis by biochemists in laboratory settings.
- ✓Drug Development Economics: Traditional drug development costs three billion dollars per molecule using random screening of millions of compounds. AI-driven rational design narrows search space from ten to the sixtieth power possible molecules, dramatically reducing costs and development timelines.
- ✓Protein Folding Foundation: Proteins fold spontaneously into three-dimensional shapes that function as molecular machines. Their interactions depend on shape-fitting dynamics at microsecond timescales. Misfolding causes diseases, while correct folding enables cellular function through thousands of interacting atoms.
- ✓Clinical Translation Path: AlphaFold enables bespoke drug design targeting individual patient mutations, particularly for cancer treatment. Drugs must achieve multiple properties simultaneously: target specificity, solubility, cell permeability, and non-toxicity while reaching correct tissue locations through bloodstream delivery.
What It Covers
Max Jaderberg from Isomorphic Labs explains how AlphaFold AI predicts protein folding structures with experimental-level accuracy, revolutionizing drug discovery by reducing development costs from three billion dollars per drug while targeting cancer and immunology.
Key Questions Answered
- •AlphaFold Accuracy: AlphaFold three achieves experimental-level accuracy predicting three-dimensional protein structures from amino acid sequences, completing in minutes what previously required months of crystallization and X-ray scattering analysis by biochemists in laboratory settings.
- •Drug Development Economics: Traditional drug development costs three billion dollars per molecule using random screening of millions of compounds. AI-driven rational design narrows search space from ten to the sixtieth power possible molecules, dramatically reducing costs and development timelines.
- •Protein Folding Foundation: Proteins fold spontaneously into three-dimensional shapes that function as molecular machines. Their interactions depend on shape-fitting dynamics at microsecond timescales. Misfolding causes diseases, while correct folding enables cellular function through thousands of interacting atoms.
- •Clinical Translation Path: AlphaFold enables bespoke drug design targeting individual patient mutations, particularly for cancer treatment. Drugs must achieve multiple properties simultaneously: target specificity, solubility, cell permeability, and non-toxicity while reaching correct tissue locations through bloodstream delivery.
Notable Moment
Jaderberg reveals his team discovered novel chemical compounds against decade-old unsolved drug targets by training neural networks on fifty years of crystallography data, then applying predictions to previously intractable protein structures without requiring laboratory synthesis first.
Episode Transcript
So AI was not satisfied just whooping our ass in chess and in Jeopardy and everything else where it looks like brains mattered. It's now taken over our physiology. Well, no. You pointed it in a good direction. Aimed it at a good place, and we're getting somewhere. To solve our diseases. Yeah. So now it's going to cure us of all disease before it makes us its slaves. Because we need a healthy slave. All that and more coming up on StarTalk. Welcome to StarTalk, your place in the universe where science and pop culture collide. StarTalk begins right now. This is StarTalk special edition. Neil deGrasse Tyson, your personal astrophysicist. Special edition means we've got Gary O'Reilly in the house. Gary. Hi, Neil. Former soccer pro. Apparently. Yeah. And soccer announcer? Yes. Definitely. And you still do that, don't you? I do. Chuck, nice, baby. Hey. Announcing that I know nothing about soccer. You're in my club then. Announcing that you are American. American. You're doing good. Real football. Violence. So what we're talking about AI today. Yeah. That's a favorite topic. We we revisit that often. Only only the future of the entire world. At AI as it matters in biology. Oh, wow. Now that's a big deal. I know. Uh-huh. I know. Yeah. Because people thinking about, you know, composing your term paper Right. Or or winning a chess or Right. But it's got a whole frontier ready to be explored. Yeah. And so tell me what you and your producers cooked up today. Okay. So we've been on the case to get these guys involved for some time, but they are so busy. So here we go. I'll say it. I'm made of proteins. Yes. You're made of proteins from strings of amino acids that fold into shapes that put all together form us. But there's a fundamental problem in biology Mhmm. That has implications for all of medicine. How do these proteins fold up? Oh. For this solution, we look to AI and a Google DeepMind tool called AlphaFold. The second iteration of AlphaFold two won the Nobel Prize in chemistry last year for answering this very question. Who knew AI was smart? Now Christian AI win all the Nobel prizes. Yeah. Let's get into it now. Just park them all up. Pack them up. Now the isomorphic labs together with Google DeepMind developed and released AlphaFold three. Yes. We're on the third iteration. And that was last year and applied these new AI models for drug discovery. Oh, that's great. Alright. So think this through. Could our next generations of treatments be computer generated? Oh, yeah. Oh, by the way, Neil, let's introduce our guest. I will. We've got Max Joderberg. Did I pronounce that correctly? Yeah. You got it you got it right. Tweren't you say? Yeah. Let's see what you say. Me say it. Yeah. Max Sjoderberg. Oh, exactly what I said. He was practicing, he was practicing. So you studied …
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“Max Jaderberg from Isomorphic Labs explains how AlphaFold AI predicts protein folding structures with experimental-level accuracy, revolutionizing drug discovery.”
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“AlphaFold three achieves experimental-level accuracy predicting three-dimensional protein structures from amino acid sequences, completing in minutes what previously required months of crystallization and X-ray scattering analysis.”
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“Max Jaderberg from Isomorphic Labs explains how AlphaFold AI predicts protein folding structures.”
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